Smart Contracts

Understand programmable blockchain agreements

⏱️ 25 min

Smart Contracts

Smart contracts are programs stored on a blockchain that automatically execute when conditions are met.

What Makes Them 'Smart'?

- **Self-executing**: Run automatically when triggered

- **Immutable**: Can't be changed once deployed

- **Transparent**: Code is public and verifiable

- **Trustless**: No intermediary needed

How They Work

1. Developer writes contract code

2. Code is deployed to blockchain

3. Contract gets a unique address

4. Users interact by sending transactions

5. Contract executes logic automatically

Common Use Cases

Token Creation: ERC-20 tokens, NFTs

DeFi: Lending, trading, yield

DAOs: Governance voting

Gaming: In-game assets, rewards

Languages

Solidity: Ethereum, most popular

Vyper: Python-like, for Ethereum

Rust: Solana, Cosmos

Move: Sui, Aptos

Security Considerations

Smart contracts handle real money. Bugs are expensive.

- Reentrancy attacks

- Integer overflow

- Access control issues

- Oracle manipulation

Reading Contracts

Even if you don't code, you can:

- Check if contract is verified on Etherscan

- Look for audit reports

- See if source code is readable

- Check admin/owner permissions

Learning to Build

Start with:

- CryptoZombies (game-based learning)

- Solidity by Example

- Hardhat/Foundry tutorials